12: Hong Kong Jockey Club (2016)

The Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC) edges up two places this year on the back of improved revenues. Within its 2015-16 report, the HKJC described its digital arm as a “major driver” of its overall business.

However, the firm says it continues to lose revenue to international operators and has been attempting to combat this threat by investing in its own digital offering, including a more joined up retail and online approach.

Overall, the HKJC attracted HK$86.8bn (£9bn) in football wagers during the financial year, but omitted details on the retail and online contributions. Previous estimates have put online’s football contribution at around 60%.

While EGR lacks data on profits, HKJC’s vast revenues coupled with its various retail customer touchpoints means it must be respected on the global stage.